Five pirates and 100 gold coins
Five rational pirates—A, B, C, D, and E—find 100 gold coins to split.
Rank: A > B > C > D > E.
Rules: The highest-ranking pirate proposes a split. Everyone, including the proposer, votes; the plan passes with a majority (ties go to the proposer). If it fails, the proposer is thrown overboard and the next pirate proposes.
Each pirate decides by: (1) survival, (2) maximizing own gold, (3) if otherwise equal, preferring to throw others overboard.
What should A propose so it passes?
See Wikipedia: Pirate game.